Hydraulic apparatus



March 27, 1951 c. E. ADAMS 2,546,581

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Filed July 18, 1947 8 Shets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

CECIL E. ADAMS waz/zm March 27, 1951 c. E. ADAMS 2,546,531

5 HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Filed July 18, 1947 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 zzvmwm CECILE.ADAMS w. Mw/Mh March 27, 1951 c. E. ADAMS HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FiledJuly 18, 1947 8 Sheets-Sheet 5' FIG. 4

INVENTOR. CECIL E. ADAMS.

March 27, 1951 c. E. ADAMS 2,546,581

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Filed July 18, 1947 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 30 I64INVENTOR.

FIG, 6 CECIL E.ADAMS March 27, 1951 c. E. ADAMS 2,545,531

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Filed Jul 18, 1947 s Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 6A.

INVENTOR. CECIL E. ADAMS BY MCLX- CQ/VMAW C. E. ADAMS HYDRAULICAPPARATUS 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July 18, 1947 PIG; 7

I'IOA INVENTOR. CECIL E.ADAMS 2% Mam- March 27, 1951 c. E. ADAMSHYDRAULIC APPARATUS 8 Sheets Sheet 7 Filed July 18, 1947 m QNBN momDOm0k mmzmwmmm 20mm INVENTOR. CECIL E. ADAMS C. E. ADAMS HYDRAULICAPPARATUS March 27, 1951 B Sheets-Sheet 8' Filed July 18, 1947 FIG.INVENTOR! CECIL E. ADAMS Patented Mar. 27, 1951 HYDRAULIC APPARATUSCecil Adams, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to The Demson Engineering Company,Columbus, Ohio, a corporation of' Ohio Application July 18, 1947, SerialNo. 761,973

18 Claims.

This invention relates to hydraulic apparatus and is particularlydirected to an improved hydraulic system for use in a hydraulic machinehaving a plurality of movable elements operated in sequence.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a hydrauliccircuit containing a plurality of fluid motors, each having a controlmechanism which is so constructed and connected in the system as tosecure a desired sequence of operation of the fluid motors.

Another object is to provide a hydraulic system containing a pluralityof reversible fluid motors and to provide each of the motors with acontrol mechanism which functions to cause a complete cycle of operationof the fluid motor controlled thereby and then direct fluid underpressure to the next control mechanism while restraining or looking itsfluid motor against further operation until all of the motors have beenoperated in the desired sequence.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic systemcontaining a plurality of reversible fluid motors, each having a controlmechanism with a pressure-responsive motor-controlling element operativeto direct fluid to certain portions of the circuit; one of the pressureresponsive elements serving. to initiate operation of a fluid motor anda second serving to direct fluid pressure to the fluid pressureresponsive element of the first control mechanism upon the conclusion ofoperation of the motor controlled by the second pressure responsiveelement.

A further object is to provide a hydraulic system with a plurality ofpower cylinders having reciprocating pistons and to provide one or moreof the power cylinders with control mechanism which will cause thepiston in a power cylinder to reciprocate in a certain manner and thenfunction to direct fluid to the control mechanism of another powercylinder, thus governing the sequence of operation of the powercylinders.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a novel hydraulicsystem for a press having a ram, an index table, and a feeding device,the system having control valve mechanism operative to cause the feedingdevice to function to dispose work on the index table; cause the tableto operate to register the work with the ram; cause the latter to exerta pressing force on the work and then be retracted from the work andcause a repetition of the foregoing cycle of operations'the controlmechanism being so constructed that each operating device will complete2 one cycle of operation and then be held in inoperative condition untilthe other devices have each completed one cycle of operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide a hydraulic system for apress of the type mentioned in the preceding object in which the controlvalve mechanism for the ram and the feeding device will cause a rapidvibration or agitation of the movable elements of these devices wherebyimproved products will be produced in the press.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the followingdescription of one embodiment of the invention illustrated in detail inthe accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a hydraulic press formed inaccordance with the present invention, this press being provided with anindex table and a hydraulic feeding mechanism, the press ram, the indextable and feeding mechanism being operated in sequence.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the hydraulic system employed in themechanism shown in Fig. 1 to effect the operation of the press ram,index table and feeding mechanism, the parts of the circuit controllingmechanism being disposed in the positions occupied when the press andattachments are idle.

Fig. 3 is a similar view of the press controlling portion of thehydraulic system showing the mechanism in position to initiate a cycleof operation of the press and attachments.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the index table portion of thehydraulic system showing parts thereof in positions occupied duringcontrolled operation of the index table.

Fig. 5 is a similar view of the same portion of the hydraulic systemshowing parts in the position occupied immediately after the conclusionof a. table-indexing operation and in condition to initiate a cycle ofoperation of the feeding mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the feeding mechanism control sectionof the circuit, the parts being in the positions occupied duringoperation of the feeding mechanism.

Fig. 6A is a similar view of the feeding mechanism control section ofthe circuit, the parts being in the positions occupied during the returnstroke of the piston which operates the feeding mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a similar view of the same mechanism showing the. parts .atthe conclusion of the feeding operation and in condition to initiate anoperation of the press ram.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the presscontrol section of the circuitshowing the parts in the positions occupied during the performance of aworking stroke of the press ram.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of a modified press control valvemechanism through the use of which short vibratory strokes of the pressram may be secured.

Fig. 10 is a similar view of a similarly modified feeding apparatuscontrol valve mechanism with which the feeding tools may be vibrated togive improved performance.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the number 20 designatesthe apparatus in its entirety. This apparatus includes" a press 2i whichis of the type known as a C-frame press having a base section 22, anupright section 23, and ahead section 24 in which a ram 25 is mountedfor reciprocation. The base of the press in this instance is providedwith a hydraulic index table 26 and a feeding mechanism indicatedgenerally by the number 21, the latter mechanism being provided to moveWork onto the index table at the various stations thereon, the tableserving to move such work into registration with the ram 25 to have apressing operation performed thereon.

The elements making up this combination are all hydraulically operatedand means are provided to cause such elements to operate in the propersequence, that is, the feeding mechanism functions to move the work onto the index table, the index table then moves the work intoregistration with the ram and the latter then performs a pressingoperation after which the cycle is repeated, themovement of the tableserving to move the work, which has been pressed, out of registrationwith the ram while the next piece of work is being moved intoregistration therewith.

This apparatus performs these operations automatically through the useof a hydraulic system illustrated diagrammatically in various figures ofreservoir 30, a power driven pump 3|, a relief 1 valve 32 and fluidlines 33, 34, and 35 to conduct fluid from the reservoir to the pump andfrom the pump to the relief valve, the line 35 conducting fluid fromsuch valve back to the reservoir when the fluid pressure in the systemreaches a predetermined figure. The hydraulic system also includes valvemechanism, indicated generally by the number 36, for controlling theoperation of the ram 25. The control mechanism 35 may be of many types,the one illustrated being of the type shown in my co-pendingapplication, Serial No. 589,163, filed April 19, 1945, now Patent2,491,355 issued December 13, 1949. Ram 25 is connected to' a piston 31disposed for reciprocation in a cylinder 38, the cylinder and the valvemechanism 36 being located in the head section 24 of the press 2 I.

It will be apparent from Fig. 2 that the hydraulic system also includescontrol mechanism 40 for the hydraulic index table 26. This index andcontrol mechanism has been illustrated and described in detail in myco-pending applica: tion, Serial No. 690,184, filed .August 13, 1946.The index table is of the intermittently operated type and, as in theabove-mentioned (Jo-pending in a cylinder 50.

application, includes a hydraulic motor 4|, the operating shaft of whichis provided with a pinion 42 disposed in meshing engagement with a gear43, this gear being secured to, or forming a part of, the driver of aGeneva gear employed to intermittently operate the index table. The gear43 has a cam track 44 secured to its under surface for engagement by aroller 45 journalled on the outer end of a pusher rod 46; this pusherrod forms a part of the control mechanism 40. As shown in Fig. 2 thefeeding mechanism 21 includes a ram 47 which is connected with a piston48 disposed for reciprocatory movement The movements of the piston 48.and the ram 41 are governed by a control mechanism indicated generallyby the numeral 5!. Numerous lines connect various ports of the controlvalve mechanisms for both rams and the index table to complete thehydraulic system.

Line 34, which leads from the source of fluid pressure, extends to theinlet of the valve mechanism 36. This valve mechanism has been set forthin detail in co-pending application Serial No. 589,163, filed April 19,1945, and will only be described generally herein. This mechanismincludes a sleeve 53 disposed for sliding movement in a bore 54 formedin a valve body 55, the sleeve being provided with a series of lateralports 55 to 62, inclusive, which are arranged to communicate, eithercontinuously or at certain intervals, with grooves 63 to 58, inclusive,also formed in the valve body 55 around bore 54. The sleeve 53 receivesfor sliding movement, a shuttle valve Ill which is provided withlongitudinal spaced reduced portions 12 to 15, inclusive. The valve body55 is also provided with a second bore 16 for the reception of a spool11 used in starting and stopping the apparatus and in causing theautomatic repetition of the cycle of operation. Recesses 18 to SI areformed in the body 55 in communication with the bore 75. When the partsof the mechanism 35 are disposed as shown in Fig. 2 while the pump 3! isin operation, fluid will flow from line 34 into groove 55, through ports65 to the interior of the sleeve 53 and downwardly around the reducedportion 74 of the shuttle valve to ports 59 in the sleeve. This fluidwill flow through these ports 59 to groove 65 from which it will flow torecess 19 and bore 15, the fluid flowing upwardly in this bore andoutwardly therefrom through recess 85, to groove 61 and through portsiii, to the interior of the sleeve 53 at the upper end of the shuttlevalve. This fluid may then flow to the reservoir 30 through ports 62,groove 58, recess 8!, and line 82. It will be obvious that when thepress is idle, the pump 3| will operate without load since the fluid isbypassed directly to the reservoir. Spool TI is normally held inposition to bypass fluid to the reservoir by coil springs 83 and 84located at the opposite ends thereof, these springs tending to hold thespool in a centered position. The valve mechanism 35 has an eccentricpin 85 journalled in the body 55 as at 86 to effect the movement of thespool 11 in the operation of the mechanism, the pin 85 being governedthrough the operation of a hand lever shown at 81 in Fig. 1. When it isdesired to initiate a cycle of operation of the apparatus, the handlever 81 is moved to the position in which spool 11 will be located asshown in Fig. 3, in which location a head 88 at the upper end thereofwill interrupt communication between bore 76 and recess 80. Thisinterruption will cause fluid pressure, supplied to the mechanism 36, tobe directed from recess 19 through line 89 which extends to the controlmechanism 40 for the fluid motor of the index table.

Line 89 leads to the inlet of the control mechanism 49 which inletcommunicates with a bore 90 formed in the body of the mechanism. Thisbore 90 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 9| to 95,inclusive, groove 94 being connected with the line 89 and receivingfluid flowing to the mechanism therethrough. This fluid flows fromgrOOVe 94 through bore 90, to groove 93 and outwardly therefrom throughpassage 96 to the inlet of fluid motor 4|. The outlet of this motor isconnected directly with reservoir 39 by a line 91, this line containinga variable ori- 'fice 98 used to control the speed of operation of themotor 4|. The body of control mechanism 40 includes a second bore 99,this bore receiving a spool I99. A spring IOI tends to urge this spoolin an upward direction, holding theupper end thereof in engagement withthe inner end of the the pusher rod 49. When the apparatus is idle, asshown in Fig. 2, the roller 45, carried by the pusher 48, will bedisposed on the cam track 44 in the position shown in Fig. 2, thisposition being such as to retain the spool I09 partially depressedagainst the action of the spring IOI in which position grooves I02 andI93 surrounding bore 99 will be connected by groove I04 of the spoolI00.

At this time a branch line I95 leading from line 9'! will be connecteddirectly to tank 39' through grooves I92 and I93 so that fluid beingdischarged from the fluid motor 4| will bypass the variable orifice 98.When this orifice is bypassed in this manner, fluid motor 4| willreceive the full pump volume and operate at full. speed, the operationof the motor causing a rotation of pinion 42 and gear 43 together withthe cam track 44. As this cam track revolves, a depression I06 thereinwill register with roller 45 perm-itting spring IOI to force spool I09and pusher 48 in an upward direction. As spool I09 moves upward, theunreduced lower portion I! thereof will interrupt communication betweengrooves I92 and I93 causing the fluid discharged from fluid motor toflow through the orifice 98. If

properly adjusted, this orifice will cause a pressure drop, the higherpressure of which will be conducted through line I05, groove I02, andline I08 to the upper end of bore 90. This fluid pressure will beapplied to the upper end of spool I09, which is disposed for slidingmovement in bore 90, causing this spool to be depressed until a grooveII9 formed therein establishes communication between grooves 93 and 92of bore 98, the latter groove being connected by line III with reservoir39. When spool I09 is depressed in this manner, a portion of the fluidintroduced to the control mechanism 49 through line 89 will be bypassedto the reservoir and fluid motor M will be caused to operate at acontrolled slower speed. While operating at this controlled speed thefluid .motor will cause the table 29 to index one step.

Upon the completion of this indexing step cam 49 will againfdepressspool I99 to a position wherein grooves I92 and I93 will be connectedand fluid may bypass the orifice 98 destroying the pressuredifferential. This action will permit spool I99 toate at full speedcausing the rapid rotation of the gear 49.

Cam 44 has a projection II4 which engages roller 45 and depresses pushrod 49, this member in turn depressing spool I99 to the position shownin Fig. 5. When the spool I99 is thus depressed the reduced upper endII5 thereof will establish communication between grooves H9 and Ill andfluid flowing to the mechanism through line 89 will be directed intoline H8 which leads to the control mechanism 5| for the feeding device.Line H9 is also connected with the lower end of the bore 99 and fluidpressure supplied to this line will flow into the bore 99 beneath spoolI99 forcing the same upwardly into the position shown in Fig. 5, whereingrooves 93 and 92 will be connected by recesses on the sides of thespool thus establishin communication between the fluid motor inlet line96 and reservoir 99.

When spool I99 is fully depressed by projection II4, grooves I 92 andI93 will also be con-- nected establishing communication directlybetween the line Its, which is connected with the outlet port of thefluid motor, and reservoir 30. Since both inlet and outlet ports of thefluid motor are connected directly with the reservoir, the operation ofthis motor will be discontinued. The momentum of the driver 43, andmotor 4| will be suiflcient to cause the projection I I4 to passslightly beyond the roller 45 and the fluid pressure then existing ingroove II'I will be suiflcient to exert an upward force on push rod 99to return the same to its elevated position, such fluid pressure alsoserving to hold spool I09 depressed against the action of spring I91. Aslong as fluid under pressure is supplied to line 89, spool I will beheld depressed to direct fluid from line 89 to line I I9 which leads tothe control mechanism 5| of the feeding device 2's which controlmechanism corresponds in operation some what to the operation of thevalve disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 589,163,

Mechanism 55 includes a body I29 having a pair of parallel bores HI andI22, the former receiving a sleeve member 523 which has a plurality oflongitudinally spaced transverse ports I24 to I39, inclusive, theseports being adapted to communicate in certain positions of the sleeveI23 in bore I22 with annular grooves I32 to I31, inclusive, formed inthe body I29 around bore IZI. Sleeve I23 receives, for sliding movement,a shuttle valve 42 which corresponds to the shuttle valve I9 in thevalve mechanism 39, the valve I42 having longitudinally spaced annularrelieved portions M3 to I49, inclusive. Valve I42 is normally held inits forward position, as disclosed in Fig. 2, by coil spring I l?arranged in sockets formed in the valve member and cap I49 carried bythe upper end of the sleeve. When valve'I42 is in the position shown inFig.2, relieved portion M5 will establish communica-rtion between portsI28 and I21, the former com"- municating with groove I 35 to which fluidis supplied through line H8, and the latter comanism through line I I8will be conducted through groove I35, ports I28 and I21, groove I34,recess I50, ports I52 and I56, groove I51, and port I58 to groove I32,this groove being connected by ports I24 with the interior of the sleeveI23 at the forward end of the shuttle valve I42. Fluid introduced intothe sleeve in this manner will cause the shuttle valve I42 to moverearwardly against the force of the spring I41 to the position shown inFigs. 6 and 6A, to establish communication between ports I28 and I29. Atthis time fluid supplied through line H8 will then be directed to grooveI36 from which it will flow through line I 60 to the rear end ofcylinder 50. This fluid will apply force to the rear end of piston 48causing the same to move in a forward direction in a feeding operation.Any suitable feeding instrument may be secured to the forward end of thefeeder ram 41, a measuring box I61 being shown in Fig. 1 for the purposeof illustration only, such box being employed when the press is used toform articles from powdered materials, to transfer powder from thehopper to molds carried on the index table.

7 During the forward movement of piston 48 fluid will be discharged fromthe forward end of the cylinder 50 through line I62 to groove I33 fromwhich it will flow through ports I25 to the interior of hte sleeve I23and into the interior of the shuttle valve through ports I63 formed inthe reduced portion I44 of valve I42. This fluid flows longitudinallythrough the shuttle valve I42 and outwardly from the sleeve I23 throughports I30 to groove I31 from which it will flow to the adjacent end ofbore I22 and thence to reservoir 30 by way of line I64. Due to thereduced size of the longitudinal bore at I65 in shuttle valve I42, theexhaust flow of fluid from cylinder 50 will be restricted causing a backpressure. The force of this pressure is transmitted through the orificeI56 in the forward end of shuttle valve I42 to the interior of thesleeve I23 at the forward end of the shuttle valve. The reaction of thisfluid pressure retains the shuttle valve against the force of spring I41as long as piston 48 is moving in a forward direction. While shuttlevalve is held in this position, fluid ad- .mitted through line H8 willbe directed to the rear end of cylinder 50. Sleeve I23 is shown in itsrearward position in Fig. 2 to which it is moved when piston 48 isretracted, the movement of the piston being transmitted to the sleeveI23 through an arm I61 and a shipper rod I68 projecting from the forwardend of the sleeve I23.

This shipper rod carries a collar I69 which the arm I61 engagesimmediately prior to reaching its fully retracted position. Afterengaging the collar I69, continued movement of the piston 46 and arm I61will move the sleeve rearwardly until fluid flow to the forward end ofthe cylinder 50 is interrupted. In moving to this position, a coilspring I10, which is disposed between a washer HI and a collar I10Asurrounding shipper rod I68 within the valve casing,will be compressed.As soon as arm I61 starts moving forward, this spring I10 will returnthe sleeve JI23, to itsnormal centered position, as shown in Fig. 6.When the sleeve I23 occupies this forward position, the ports I26 willcommunicate with groove I33 and the exhaust of fluid from cylinder 50will function in the same manner to retain the shuttle valve against thespring I41 to cause forward movement of piston 48 and ram 41.

When the ram 41 reaches the forward end of its working stroke, piston 48will engage the end wall of cylinder 50 and further movement will beprevented. When piston 48' stops, the-back pressure in the exhaust linewill fall permitting pressure beneath shuttle I42 to be dissipated andspring I41 will move the shuttle valve I42 to its forward position asshown in Figs. 6 and '7. At this time, fluid supplied to controlmechanism 5| through line H8 will be directed by the shuttle valve I42from groove I35 to groove I33, this groove being connected with theforward end of the cylinder 50 by line I52. When fluid pressure issupplied in this manner to the forward end of cylinder 50 the force ofthis fluid will urge piston 48 in a rearward direction. This movement ofpiston 48 will dicharge fluid from the rear end of cylinder 50 into lineI60 which leads to groove I36. When the shuttle valve I42 is disposed inits forward position, and .sleeve I23 is centered by spring I10 as shownin Fig.- 6A, groove I36 will be connected through ports I29, theinterior of the sleeve I23, and ports I30, to groove I31 which in turnis connected with the fluid reservoir 30 by the end of bore I22 and lineI64. Thus, rearward movement of piston 48 will cause fluid to bedischarged from the rear end of cylinder 50 to the reservoir.

Line I60 is provided with an orifice I1 IA which operates to resist thedischarge of fluid through line I60. This resistance to fluid flowcreates a back pressure which is transmitted by a branch line I12 to theforward end of bore I22. This back pressure is applied to piston I54causing the same to move rearwardly and impart similar movement to spoolI53 in opposition to force exerted by coil spring I13. Movement of thisspool is limited through the engagement of the rear, end thereof withthe end wall of the bore I22. The spool I53 will then be disposed in theposition shown in Fig. 7, in which position a transverse passage I14formed in the spool registers with ports I15 in liner IEI. During therearward movement of piston 48, this back ressure in line I60 willcontinue to hold piston I54 and spool I53 in the rearward position. Nearthe termination of rearward movement of piston 48, arm I61 will engagecollar I69 on shipper rod I68 and continued movement of piston 48 willcause rearward movement of sleeve I23, from the normal centered positionshown in Figs. 6 and 6A, to the rearward position shown in Figs. 2 and'7. In this position, fluid flow from line I I 8 to the forward end ofcylinder 50 will be interrupted, such fluid then being directed throughports I28 and I21, and through groove I34, .to recess I50. When thespool I53 is held in its rearward position as shown in Fig. 7 therelieved portion I55 establishes communication between recess I56 andports I15 in sleeve I=5l. Since transverse passage I14 connects portsI15, fluid from groove I50 will also be admitted to passage I14 at thistime. Ports I15 are connected "by slot I16 in sleeve I 5| with port I 11which is formed in the valvebody I20, this port being connected by lineI18 with groove 63 in the'body of valve 36. Fluid supplied underpressure'ih this manner to line I18 will thus be directed through ports53 to the interior of sleeve 53 beneath shuttle valve 16. The force ofthis fluid will move this shuttle valve against the opposition of itsspring to the elevated position shown in Fig. 8 in which position fluidfrom the inlet; line 34 will be directed through ports BI to groove 61',which is connected by line I with the upper end of power cylinder 38. Acycle of operation of ram 25 will thus be initiated.

As the piston 31 in cylinder 38 moves in a down;- ward direction inresponse to the admission of flui throu h li e I81}. flu d l be lsharsed from the lower end of cylinder 38 through line,- I8I to groove64, this fluid flowing through ports 58 into transverse ports I82 formedshuttle It! at; the reduced portion 33, and longitudinally of theshuttle to ports 62 which are connected with the reservoir 38 byrecesses 38 and ill and exhaust line 82. The passage in the shuttlevalve 10 is restricted at I83 to create back pressure on the exhaustingfluid, which back pressure is transmitted through an orifice iiil in theshuttle valve 10 to the space in sleeve 53 beneath such shuttle valve18. and retains the latter in position to direct fluid from the pressuresource to the upper end of the power cylinder 36!. Immediately upon theinitiation of adownward stroke of the ram '25 an arm I85 thereon movesaway from collar I86 permitting spring It}? to move sleeve 53 to acentered position, During the move: ment, ports 59 will be moved out ofregistration with groove 65 and fluid, from the pressure source, willthen be prevented from flowing to lines 85 and II 8. Fluid pressure ismaintained in this part of the system, however, by the back pressureadmitted through orifice I84 in shuttle valve ll! to. the chamberbeneath the valve in sleeve 53 and to line I73 connected therewith.This, fluid pres-.- sure is sufficient to retain shuttle valve 18elevated and to hold spool i5 3 in its rearward position in oppositionto the spring E13. This pressure is transmitted through line 578 torecess ill and through ports to passage I it. From this passage thepressure is transmitted through passage I88 to the forward end of thespool I53. This fluid pressure moves piston I5 2, forwardly to theposition shown in Fig. 7 while retaining spool I53, in its rearwardposition. As long as piston 31 is moving in a downward direction, thisback pressure will be maintained. The pressure in line I18 also obtainsin line I 38,, which line communicates with the lower end of bore 9.8beneath spool H19, and in bore 91! in grooves H6 and I II, this pressureserving to retain spool Ifl] depressed to maintain communication betweengrooves H6 and (I1,

When ram reaches the end of its power stroke which may be determinedeither through the engagement of piston 3'5 with the lower end of y i dr 38 or the en a m nt oi ram 5. with. an obstruction ofiering sufficientresistance to c u fl d n e s pp so r o e bypasse to reservoir 38 byrelief valve 32, the piston will stop moving downward and exhaust flowthrough line I8 I will be interrupted. The bacl; pressure in this linewill be dissipated to tank to permitting the shuttle I8 to lower, underthe influence of its, spring, and spool I 89 to be centered, Spool H18will be permitted to be raised by spring IDI to a position interruptingcommunication between grooves H6 and HT, and spool I53 will be permittedto move forwardly under the influence of spring M3 to a position whereinrecess I50 and port I52 will be connected by the reduced portion ofspool I53 with ports I56 so that fluid introduced to control mechanism5| in a succeeding cycle of operation, through line H8, will be directedto the forward end of shuttle valve I42.

When shuttle valve I0 drops, fluid from the inlet line 34 will bedirected to the lower end of cylinder 38 to move piston 31 and ram 25 inan upward direction. As ram 25 approaches the upper limit of itsmovement, arm I85 will engage collar I86 ontheshipper rod l89 and movespool 53 to its elevated position where in communication will again beestablished between ports 59 and groove 65. If spool H has been returnedto counting device 200.

10 the i le o o s o n in F g.1 t e fluid flowing to groove 65 throughports 58 will be directed to, the e voir 30 as pr io s y cr b d and hepress and other mechanism will then be retained in idle condition. If,however, spool I! is permitted to remain in the depressed loo$itionshown in Fig. 3, the fluid supplied to recess 39 will be directedthrough line 89 to control mechanism M} of the index table to initiate asucceeding cycle of operation of the apparatus, the control means forthe indextable being then in position to cause the.- operation of thefluid motor M. and an indexing of the table.

In some instances it may be found desirable to have the ram 25 execute,a series of successive short reciprocations or vibrations between the;power stroke and the return stroke. If the press-l control valve is ofthe type shown in cop nd ns appl cation Se ial. No. 59i, 3,,fi1 e.dMay21, 1945,. now atent No. 2,512,730, issued June 2 i and il us ated. d ar mmatically in Fig 9 in h pr sent dra ings, a pr p r adi stment of antrol k ob H t ereo w l au e the 12- eration of ram 2}} in such manner.To perform e e p t ns. a po i n o the fluid admitted. hrough. the. n tlin Y wh n h m, is. started in an upwa d direct n i di c through lineISI to the under side of the shuttle valve 18 in the manner desc ibed nsa d Patent e. 730.. The anblicatiou oi th s fl d o he shuttle valvecauses the same to be elevated. to reverse the direction of mov ment of:piston. 1 by directing flui supplied thr u h line- 34 to the uppe nd cinde 3 W e e ram. nd piston a a n rea h the imi of the m ment. in adownwa d. di e ion and f uid cease to be exp hausted from. the lowe o idof he: cy i d r 3 s ttle. valv will be. f rc d downward y to again. i ecluid under ss re to h under: side f p ston; Sl- Ihese short trokes maybe r peated; a m y t m s as det i by a. counting 1& v e 9 after whi thdi n f fluid t rou h l n 9!. w ll b P ev e and ram 2 a d p ston 31 willbe permi ted to move. to t e initial. star i g osition...

It is also a feature, of this, invention to utilize; a, s milar sho sroke r v bratory eration, of the feeding ram 41.. Thisoperation may besecured with a ontrol valve mechanism t9 hQWl di6 grammatically in Fig.10. This mechanism corre sponds quite closely to the control. valvemechanism shown in Fi 9' and operates to direct fluid nd pre s re fr m lne H o the u der ideof shuttle valve M2 through lines I84 and -95 uponinitial rearward movement of ram 4], to move the shuttle lve 42 opposi oo spring M1 to. the. positionv wherein, fluid will, be directed fromline II8 to the, rearend of cylinder 50 to again c use ar movem ntofpiston 48 nd. r m 41..

ach time. the p s on. en ages, h e d. well. of e. cyl nder 0... and. lud. c ases to b xus e from ylinder 59... pr n 1; will cause. shuttlevalve I42. to. move. forwardly to conne t the forwa d nd of cylinder51!. w th. he supp y in H8 d the rear nd of this cylin er with ser o 30.hrough lin it. C ntr l mechanism I95} is supplied with an adjustmentknob I96. to regulate the number of short strokes, this short strokcreating and regulating mechanism is similar to that disclosed; in mysaid Patent- No. 2,512,730. It includes a pair or spools I98 and I99which are actuated by fluid pressure during; each initial rearwardmovement of piston H to direct fluid under pressure to the end ofshuttle valve I42 andto pump fluid into one end of a The latter devicehas a- .4 11- spring pressed spool 20l which is moved in opposition tothe force of a sprin 202 in a step-bystep manner by the fluid pumped bpiston I99, until it reaches a position in which fluid flow from supplyline H8 through lines I94 and I95 to. the forward end of shuttle I42will be interrupted. When this interruption occurs the shuttle valve I42will remain in its forward position and ram 41 will then execute acomplete return stroke. When sleeve I23 is moved rearwardly at thetermination of the return stroke of ram 41, the cap I48 on the end ofsleeve I23 will engage the endoi a check valve 203 to open the same andpermit spring 202 to move spool 20! and expel fluid from the end of itschamber, thus resetting the counting mechanism for a succeedingoperation.

I I claim:

- 1. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a plurality offluid motors; a control valve mechanism for each of said motors, meansconnecting said control valve mechanisms in series in said system sothat each succeeding valve mechanism receives fluid from the precedingone; means in each valve mechanism being operative upon the conclusionof a cycle of operation by the motor controlled thereby, to direct fluidto the next succeeding valve mechanism, the final valve mechanismdirecting fluid back to the first valve mechanism in such series toinitiate operation of the fluid motor controlled thereby.

2. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a plurality offluid motors: control valve mechanism for each of said motors, saidcontrol valve mechanisms being connected in series in said system; fluiddirecting means in the first valve mechanism in said system, said fluiddirecting means being responsive to fluid pressure to initiate theoperation of the motor controlled by said first valve mechanism, eachvalve mechanism being operative upon the conclusion of a cycle ofoperation by the motor controlled thereby, to direct fluid to the nextsucceeding mechanism; and means in said system connecting "the final tothe first valve mechanism and by-passing the intermediate mechanism,said means serving to apply fluid from the final valve mechanism to saidfluid directing means in the first valve to initiate operation of thefluid motor controlled thereby.

3. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a plurality offluid motors; control valve mechanism for each of said motors, saidcontrol valve mechanisms being connected in series in said system; fluiddirecting means in the first valve mechanism in said system, said fluiddirecting means being responsive to fluid pressure to initiate theoperation of the motor controlled by said first valve mechanism, eachvalve mechanism being operative upon the conclusion of a cycle ofoperation by the motor controlled thereby. to direct fluid to the nextsucceeding mechanism; means in the second and succeeding valves in-saidsystem, operated by fluid pressure to lock said mechanism upon thecompletion of a cycle of operation of the motor governed thereby toprevent further operation of said motor; means in during a portion ofthe cycle of operation ofth 4. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluidpressure; a plurality of fluid motors; control valve mechanism for eachof said motors, said control valve mechanisms being connected in seriesin said system; fluid directing means in the first valve mechanism insaid system, said fluid directing means being responsive to fluidpressure to initiate a cycle of operation of the motor controlled bysaid first valve mechanism, each valve mechanism being operative uponthe conclusion of a cycle of operation of the motor controlled thereby,to prevent further operation, of such motor and direct all fluidsupplied thereto to the next succeeding valve mechanism; and means inthe final valve mechanism responsive to fluid pressure to apply fluid tothe fluid directing means in the first valve mechanism to initiateoperation of the fluid motor controlled thereby.

5. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pres sure; a plurality offluid motors; control valve mechanism for each of said motors, saidcontrol valve mechanisms being connected in series in said system; flowdirecting means in the first valve mechanism operated by fluid pressureto initiate a cycle of operation of the fluid motor controlled therebyand operative to direct fluid from said source to the second valvemechanism in said system upon the completion of a cycle of operation ofthe first fluidmotor; means operated by the fluid motor controlled bysaid second valve mechanism to discontinue the operation of said secondmotor and direct fluid from the first valve mechanism to the third valvemechanism in said system; fluid directing means in said third valvemechanism, said last mentioned fluiddirecting means being operative tocause a cycle of operation of the fluid motor controlled by said saidsystem connecting the final to the first valve said fluidpressureoperated locking means active;

third valve mechanism; and means in said third valve mechanismresponsive to fluid pressure and the final stage of a cycle of operationof said third fluid motor to apply fluid pressure to the flow-directingmeans in said first valve mechanism to initiate the next cycle ofoperation of said first fluid motor.

6. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a reversible fluidmotor; pressure responsive valve means between said source and motor tocontrol fluid flow from said source to cause consecutive forward andreverse operation and idle periods of said motor; a second fluid motor;control valve means for said second motor, said first-mentioned valvemeans directing fluid from said source to the control means for saidsecond motor during idle periods of the first-mentioned motor; a thirdfluid motor; and a third control valve mechanism between the controlmeans for said second motor and said third motor; said second controlvalve means directing fluid to said third control valve during idleperiods of said second motor, said third control valve mechanismdirecting fluid to said third motor to cause forward and reverseoperation thereof and to the first-mentioned-valve means at thecompletion of a cycle of operation of said third motor to initiateoperation of said first-mentioned fluid motor.

'7. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a plurality offluid motors; a control mechanism for each of said motors, said controlmechanisms being connected in series in said system; flow-control meansin said control mechanisms for varying the rates of operation of saidfluid motors during the respective cycles of operation thereof;flow-directingmeans in eachcon trol mechanism for causing the motor toperform one complete cycle of operation, said flowdirecting means thendirecting fluid to the next control mechanism to initiate the operationof the motor controlled thereby, said flow directing means renderingsaid flow control means inoperative when fluid is being directed to thesucceeding control mechanism, the flow-directing means of the finalcontrol mechanism in said series directing fluid to the first controlmechanism to initiate operation of the first fluid motor at theconclusion of a cycle of operation of the final motor in said series.

8. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a plurality offluid motors at least two of which are of the piston and cylinder type;a control mechanism for each of said motors, said control mechanismsbeing connected in series in said system; fluid directing means in saidcontrol mechanism, said fluid-directing means being operative to cause acomplete cycle of operation of the motor served by the respectivecontrol mechanism and then direct fluid to the next succeeding controlmechanism, the fluid directing means in the final control mechanism insaid system directing fluid to the first control mech anism in theseries to initiate operation of the first fluid motor; and means in thecontrol mechanisms for the motors of the piston and cylinder type forrepeatedly actuating the fluid directing means of such control mechanismat the termination of the working strokes of the pistons to cause thelatter to execute a plurality of reciprocations of a length less thanthe usual strokes of the pistons.

9. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure including a pumpand reservoir; a plurality of fluid motors; a control valve mechanismfor each fluid motor, each of said control valveshaving an inlet and apair of outlets; means connecting one outlet of; each valve with saidreservoir, the first valve in said system having a control port; meansconnecting the inlet of the first valve with said pump and the secondoutlet of each valve with the inlets of succeeding valves, the secondoutlet of the final valve insaid system being connected with the controlport of said first valve; and means in each valve for directing fluidsupplied" to the inlet thereof to the fluid motor controlled by suchvalve to cause one cycle of operation thereof, said means directing theexhaust from said motor to the reservoir, said means directing fluidsupplied to the Valve at the conclusion of the operation of the motor tothe second outlet to be conducted to the inlet of the succeedingvalve,fluid supplied to the control port of the first valve being applied tothe flow directing means thereof to place the same in position toinitiate operation of the first fluid motor and a cycle of operation ofthe sys,t.em.

. In a, hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure including a pumpand reservoir; a plurality of fluid motors; a control valve mechanismfor each fluid motor, each of said control valves having an inlet and apair of outlets, the first of said valves having a control port; meansconnecting one outlet of each valve with said reservoir; meansconnecting the inlet of one valve with said pump and the second outletof each valve with the inlets of succeeding valves, the second outlet ofthe last valve in the system being connected with the control port ofthe first valve in said system; means in each valve for directing fluidsupplied to the inlet thereof to the fluid motor controlled thereby tocause a complete cycle of operation of said motor, said means directingthe exhaust from said motor to the reservoir; means in said controlvalve mechanism operative during the operation of said motor to by-passa portion of the fluid supplied to the respective control valvemechanism, to the reservoir to reduce the speed of operation of themotor, said means directing all fluid supplied to the valve at theconclusion of the operation of the motor, to the second outlet to beconducted to the inlet of the succeeding valve, fluid supplied to thecontrol port of the first valve being applied to the flow directingmeans thereof to place the same in position to initiate operation of thefirst fluid motor and a cycle of operation of the system.

11. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a plurality offluid motors; a control mechanism for each of said motors, said controlmechanisms being connected in series in said ssytem; flow-directin meansin each control mechanism, said flow-directing means being operative tocause the motor controlled by the control mechanism to perform onecomplete cycle of operation and then to direct fluid to the next controlmechanism to initiate the operation of the motor controlled thereby, theflowdirecting means of the last control mechanism in said seriesdirecting fluid to the first control mechanism to initiate operation ofthe first fluid motor at the conclusion of a cycle of operation of" thelast motor in said system.

12. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid,

pressure; a pair of fluid motors; a control mechanism for each of saidmotors, the first of said control mechanisms receiving fluid directlyfrom said pressure source and the other receiving fluid from said firstcontrol mechanism; and flow-directing means in each control mechanism,said flow-directing means being operative to direct fluid to the motorcontrolled by the respective control mechanism to cause a complete cycleof operation thereof, and then direct fluid to the other controlmechanism to initiate the operation of the, motor controlled thereby.

13. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a pair of fluidmotors; a control mechanism for each of said motors, the first controlmechanism receivin fluid directly from said pressure source and thesecond receiving fluid from said first control mechanism;pressureresponsive flow-directing means in each control mechanism, saidflow-directing means being operative to direct fluid to the motorcontrolledby the respective control mechanism to cause it to perform acomplete cycle of operation; and means in the second control mechanismoperative at the conclusion of a cycle of operation of the second motorto apply fluid to the pressure responsive flow-directing means of thefirst control mechanism to initiate a cycle of operation of the firstmotor.

14. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a first fluidmotor; a first control mechanism between said motor and said pressuresource and receiving fluid from the latter; a second fluid motor; asecond control mechanism between said second fluid motor and said firstcontrol mechanism and receiving fluid from the latter; andpressure-responsive flow-directing means in said second controlmechanism, said flow-directing means including first and secondelements, the latter being normally disposed to apply fluid flowing tothe second control mechanism to the first element to move the same to aposition to initiate a cycle of operation of said second fluid motor,said second element being responsive to fluid pressure durin theoperation of said second fluid motor to move to a position to directfluid supplied to said second control mechanism back to said firstcontrol mechanism to initiate a succeeding cycle of operation of thesystem.

15. Mechanism for controlling a fluid motor comprising a body withinlet, forward and reverse motor and first and second outlet ports;first and second pressure responsive flow-directing elements disposedfor movement in said body, the first of said elements being normallydisposed in position to apply fluid from said inlet to the secondelement to move the same to a position to direct fluid from said inletport to the forward motor port and from the reverse motor port to thefirst outlet port; means in said body operative when the forwardoperation of the motor controlled by the mechanism ceases, to shift saidsecond element to a position to direct fluid from said inlet port to thereverse motor port and from the forward motor port to the first outletport; and means in said body for applying fluid pressure during thereverse operation of said motor, to said first flow-directing element toshift and hold the same in position to connect the inlet port with saidsecond outlet port.

16. Mechanism for controlling a fluid motor comprising a body withinlet, forward and reverse motor and first and second outlet ports;first and second pressure responsive flow-directing elements disposedfor movement in said body, the first of said elements being normallydisposed in position to apply fluid from said inlet to the secondelement to move the same to a position to direct fluid from said inletport to the forward motor port and from the reverse motor port to thefirst outlet port; means in said body operative when the forwardoperation of the motor controlled by the mechanism ceases, to shift saidsecond element to a position to direct fluid from said inlet port to thereverse motor port and from the forward motor port to the first outletport; means in said body for applyin fluid pressure during reverseoperation of said motor, to said first flow-directing element to shiftand hold the same in position to connect the inlet port with said secondoutlet port; and means in said body operated by said motor during thefinal stage of reverse operation thereof to interrupt fluid fiowfromsaid inlet port to said reverse motor port.

1'7. Mechanism for controlling a fluid motor comprising a body withinlet, forward and reverse motor andfirst and second outlet ports; firstand second pressure responsive flow-directing elements disposed formovement in said body, the first of said elements being normallydisposed in position to apply fluid from said inlet to the 66 secondelement to move the same to a position to direct fluid from said inletport to the forward motor port and from the reverse motor port to thefirst outlet port; means in said body operative when the forwardoperation of the motor controlled by the mechanism ceases, to shift saidsecond element to a position to direct fluid from said inlet port to thereverse motor port and from the forward motor port to the first outletport; means in said body for applying fluid pressure during reverseoperation of said motor, to said first flow-directing element to shiftand hold the same in position to connect the inlet port with said secondoutlet port; means in said body operated by said motor during the finalstage of reverse operation thereof to interrupt fluid flow from saidinlet port to said reverse motor port; and means in said body forshifting said first flow-directing element back to the position to applyfluid from said inlet port to said second flow-directing element, thelast-named shifting means becoming operative after reverse operation ofsaid motor has ceased.

18. Mechanism for controlling a fluid motor comprising a body withinlet, forward and reverse motor and first and second outlet ports;first and second pressure-responsive flow-directing elements disposedfor movement in said body, the first of said elements being normallydisposed in position to apply fluid from said inlet to the secondelement to move the same to a position to direct fluid from said inletport to the forward motor port and from the reverse motor port to thefirst outlet port; spring means in said body operative to shift saidsecond element to a position to reverse the inlet, forward and reversemotor and outlet port connections when the forward operation of themotor controlled by said mechanism ceases; orifice means for resistingfluid flow occurring only during reverse operation of said motor tocreate a pressure differential; means for applying the higher pressureof said differential to said first flow-directing element to hift thesame to a position to connect said inlet with said second outlet port;means operated by said motor during the finalstage of reverse operationthereof to interrupt fluid flow between said inlet port and said reversemotor port; and spring means for shifting said first flow-directingelement back to the normal position thereof upon the dissipation of saidpres-1 sure differential due to the stopping of said motor. CECIL E.ADAMS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Jelfs Feb. 1, 1944

